Traditions and Norms of Behavior in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan, is rich in traditions and cultural practices shaped by its history, geography, and the Turkmen people’s way of life. For visitors and those new to the region, understanding these traditions and norms is key to forming respectful relationships and immersing oneself in the local culture.
Wedding Customs and Traditions in Turkmenistan
Weddings in Turkmenistan are grand, multi-day celebrations that reflect the rich cultural heritage and deep-rooted traditions of the country. They blend ancient customs with modern influences, making each wedding a unique and meaningful experience. Here’s a glimpse into the captivating wedding traditions of Turkmenistan.
- The Engagement and Matchmaking
In Turkmenistan, marriage often begins with a traditional matchmaking process. In many cases, parents play a crucial role in selecting a partner for their child. It’s common for families to seek out suitable matches through trusted social networks. Once a potential match is found, the families meet to discuss the details. The engagement, known as “yigitlik,” is often a simple yet significant event, where both families come together to formalize the relationship.
- Bride’s Dowry
One of the most notable features of Turkmen weddings is the bride’s dowry. It is not only an important part of the marriage arrangement but also a symbol of the bride’s family’s generosity and status. The dowry typically includes a wide array of items such as textiles, carpets, household goods, and often a large amount of gold jewelry. These gifts are prepared by the bride’s family in advance and are presented during the wedding ceremony.
- Henna Night (Kina Günü)
A few days before the wedding, the bride and her close female relatives gather for a celebration known as “kina günü” or Henna Night. This event is dedicated to applying henna to the bride’s hands and feet in intricate patterns, a symbolic act meant to bring happiness and good luck to the couple. It’s also an occasion for singing, dancing, and celebrating with family and friends. During this night, the bride wears a special dress and veil, often in red, a color associated with good fortune and happiness.
- Wedding Day: The Ceremony
On the wedding day, both the bride and groom’s families begin the day early with preparations. The groom traditionally travels to the bride’s home to pick her up, accompanied by his own family and friends. Before the couple leaves for the wedding venue, a traditional ritual takes place where the groom’s family presents gifts to the bride’s family, such as money or items to show respect and gratitude.
- The Wedding Procession
In the afternoon or evening, the wedding procession takes place. The bride is dressed in a lavish gown, often adorned with intricate beadwork, sequins, and gold accents, reflecting the opulence of Turkmen culture. The groom typically wears a traditional costume with a flowing robe and a distinctive hat. The bride’s dress can sometimes weigh up to 20 kilograms due to the heavy embroidery and layers of fabric.
The wedding procession is a spectacular sight, with families and friends accompanying the couple to the wedding venue, often in elaborate caravans or luxurious cars. Traditional music fills the air, creating a festive atmosphere as they make their way through the streets.
- Wedding Feast
A grand wedding feast, known as “toý,” follows the ceremony. The banquet is a vibrant and festive occasion with an abundance of traditional Turkmen dishes such as pilaf, kebabs, and various fresh salads. Special pastries and sweets are served to guests. The meal is often accompanied by lively music and dancing, with guests celebrating the union of the couple.
- The Role of Music and Dance
Music and dance are vital elements of Turkmen weddings. Traditional Turkmen instruments like the dutar (a two-stringed instrument) and the gopuz (a three-stringed instrument) are often played during the celebration. Guests perform traditional dances, and a joyful, spirited atmosphere reigns throughout the wedding. The bride and groom may also participate in symbolic dances that represent the beginning of their new life together.
- Gifts and Blessings
After the wedding feast, guests present gifts to the newlyweds. These gifts are often practical, such as household items or money, which help the couple start their life together. However, the most important gift is the blessing from elders, who offer prayers and wishes for a prosperous, happy, and fruitful marriage. The couple typically kneels before their elders to receive these blessings.
- Post-Wedding Rituals
Turkmen weddings don’t end with the ceremony. In fact, many weddings last for several days, with post-wedding celebrations and gatherings held in the bride’s and groom’s respective homes. The newlyweds visit their families and friends to express gratitude for their support. These visits often include more meals, music, and dancing, with the newlyweds enjoying a period of communal joy and celebration.
Weddings in Turkmenistan are an awe-inspiring blend of tradition, family, and culture. With each aspect of the celebration, from matchmaking to the grand feast, the rituals underscore the importance of family bonds, respect for elders, and the joy of a new union. The customs that define Turkmen weddings are a beautiful reflection of the nation’s heritage, making each wedding a cherished event for all involved.
